• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A harvesting machine (10) is provided with a supporting frame (12) and a crop conveying and / or processing device which is supported on the supporting frame (12) by a bearing (56) which can be loaded with lubricant and / or by a shaft and / or Gear can be driven with a lubricant-bearing (56). A sensor (86) is used to detect the contents of the lubricant present in and / or supplied to and / or to be supplied in the bearing (56) or their concentration and is connected to a processing device (68) which provides a warning signal if a comparison of the Output signal of the sensor (86) with a database (88) indicates that the lubricant contains an undesired ingredient, possibly with an undesired concentration.
    公开号:BE1026307B1
    申请号:E20190029
    申请日:2019-03-28
    公开日:2020-04-24
    发明作者:Michael Goelzer；Jochen Marschall；Patrick Mclawhorn；Michael Rausch
    申请人:Deere & Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Monitoring the contents of a harvesting machine warehouse
    description
    The invention relates to a harvesting machine with a supporting frame and a crop conveying and / or processing device which is supported on the supporting frame by a bearing that can be loaded with lubricant and / or can be driven by a shaft and / or a gear with a bearing that can be loaded with lubricant.
    Technological background
    Forage harvesters are used to harvest whole plants or their parts, which are taken from a field in operation by means of a header, pressed together by pre-pressing rollers and fed to a knife drum, the chopping knives of which cut the plants together with a counter knife. The cut plants or parts are then optionally fed to a conditioning device and conveyed by a post-accelerator into an ejection manifold which loads them onto a transport vehicle. The harvested plants are usually used as animal feed or for biogas production.
    When processing and conveying relatively green plant material, juices emerge from the plants, which penetrate into the bearings of the harvesting material conveying and / or processing elements of the harvesting machine and can lead to corrosion and damage there. In order to protect the bearing points of the rotating functional components, it is known in the state of the art to shield them from the outside by means of seals (cf. for example EP 1 695 612 A1) and to lubricate them with grease in a defined quantity at defined time intervals. For this purpose, the bearings and storage environment with seals are usually constructed so that one required for a particular bearing
    BE2019 / 0029
    The amount of fat can be fed into the bearing and removed again.
    A number of sensors for detecting the composition of lubricants or undesired substances contained therein have been described in the prior art, such as for detecting metal chips in engine oil (US Pat. No. 6,966,994 B2), water in engine oil (DE 102 25 716 Al , DE 1 1 2015 002 470 T5) or water content, turbidity, mechanical and thermal wear and temperature of lubricating grease in a difficult-to-access bearing, for example of offshore wind turbines or production lines for the purpose of relubrication according to requirements (brochure "Condition monitoring of lubricating greases in rolling bearings" from FAG , Printed note MATNR 036877026-0000 / SSD 21 / DD / 2010091, accessed on May 7, 2018 at https://www.schaeffler.com/ remotemedien / media / _shared_media / 08_media_library / 01_publications / schaeffler_2 / reprint / downloads_l 6Zrp_ssd_df).
    problem
    Previous harvesting machines are not equipped with sensors for detecting the contents of the lubricant in bearings. However, due to the external environmental conditions mentioned, dirt and water can penetrate the bearing and damage it prematurely. In the absence of a suitable sensor, the damage is only noticed when the bearing emits unusual noises or fails altogether, which leads to the harvesting machine coming to a standstill.
    Another possible problem is that when the bearing is regreased, an unsuitable grease is used which has a different composition than the grease previously used, which can destroy the fat structure of the grease mixture and impair the lubricating function. A respective fat consists of the ingredients base oil, additives and thickeners, which are used in a certain mixing ratio to each other,
    BE2019 / 0029 which characterizes the lubricating effect of the grease. So if fats are mixed with incompatible other fats with different base oils, additives or thickeners, a chemical reaction can occur in the fat mixture, which leads to decomposition of the fat. The bearing is therefore no longer properly lubricated and can be damaged in a short time.
    There is therefore the problem of avoiding or reducing the disadvantages shown.
    invention
    The present invention is defined by the claims.
    A harvesting machine is provided with a supporting frame and a crop conveying and / or processing device which is supported on the supporting frame by a bearing which can be loaded with lubricant and / or can be driven by a shaft and / or a transmission which contains a bearing which can be loaded with lubricant is. An electronic sensor is set up to detect contents of the lubricant contained in the bearing and / or supplied and / or to be supplied to the bearing. The output signal of the electronic sensor is fed to a processing device, which is additionally connected to a database for undesired ingredients of the lubricant and / or their concentration and can be operated to provide a warning signal if a comparison of the output signal of the sensor with the database indicates that the lubricant contains an undesirable ingredient or in an undesired concentration. For this purpose, the sensor position can be provided, for example, directly in the bearing or in the grease reservoir or at any point in the area of the lubrication line (system).
    It is therefore detected by means of a sensor which constituents are contained in and / or supplied to the warehouse
    BE2019 / 0029 or lubricants to be supplied. Using a comparison with a database for undesired or unsuitable ingredients and, if applicable, their permissible concentration, it is possible to inform an operator of the harvesting machine or a spaced (maintenance) center if there is a risk of damage to the bearing due to undesirable ingredients in the lubricant , so that, if necessary, suitable countermeasures can be taken, such as stopping the harvesting machine and replacing the lubricant and / or defective seals.
    In particular, the sensor is set up to detect the contents of the lubricant by near infrared spectroscopy. Such a sensor is described and illustrated in the FAG brochure mentioned at the beginning, the content of which is incorporated by reference into the present documents. The sensor therefore comprises one or more light sources (e.g. LED or incandescent lamp) for different, discrete or continuous wavelengths that are in the visible or (near) infrared wavelength range. The light is directed through a window onto the lubricant and the light reflected or transmitted by the lubricant is fed to an analyzer in which it is split up and detected in a wavelength-specific manner. Depending on the ingredients, certain peaks appear in the recorded spectrum, by means of which the ingredients can be identified, for which purpose calibration data are used in the sensor or in the processing device. The sensor can also contain a referencing, i.e. an analyzer for the light emitted by the light source to take into account the aging of the light source. The comparison between the ingredient measured with the sensor and the undesired ingredient entered in the database can be made directly based on the spectra recorded by the sensor or peaks contained therein and corresponding data from the database, or the sensed ingredient is output on the basis of the spectra and included compared to the corresponding entry in the database.
    BE2019 / 0029
    Water and / or silicon and / or silicon dioxide and / or potassium and / or sodium and / or titanium and / or cadmium and / or calcium and / or magnesium and / or boron and / or zinc and / or or phosphorus and / or barium and / or molybdenum and / or lithium and / or wear-specific parameters such as iron and / or chromium and / or tin and / or aluminum and / or nickel and or copper and / or lead and / or manganese and / or a particle count of free particles can be entered. If the sensor detects one or more of these ingredients, this is a sign that contamination (e.g. water as a component of plant juices or Si or S1O2 in sand) has entered the bearing. It would also be conceivable to enter ingredients of unsuitable lubricants (not approved by the manufacturer of the harvesting machine) in the database. In addition, it is conceivable that, for example, the machine operator will be informed about the state of the respective ingredients in the respective concentration and that risks and remedial measures can be presented to him in a concentration-specific manner.
    The processing device can be operable to store information regarding ingredients identified by the sensor and contained in a lubricant used in the bearing and preferably their concentration in the database and in the event that the signal of the sensor relates to other ingredients or to a composition that changes over a defined critical area of the ingredients in a newly introduced lubricant or lubricant in the warehouse indicates to compare the sensed, changed ingredients and the stored ingredients based on data stored in the database to determine whether an undesired chemical reaction of the changed ingredients with the stored ingredients is to be expected and / or whether, for example, a defective condition, for example of the bearing seals and / or of the bearing, is or is to be expected, and if necessary to emit a warning signal. That way the problem of chemical
    BE2019 / 0029
    Reaction between different lubricants and / or seal failure and / or bearing failure can be recognized and resolved.
    The processing device can be connected to a user interface that is set up to display a warning signal and is equipped with a display device and / or can be connected wirelessly to a spaced-apart location, e.g. a workshop or the stationary or mobile computer belonging to the owner of the harvester. Accordingly, a warning can also be given to the operator of the harvesting machine from the spaced-apart location to interrupt the operation and to remedy the identified problem. The data sent to the distant location can also be used for documentation if unjustified warranty claims should be made after damage to the warehouse, e.g. after adding an unsuitable lubricant to a bearing or operating the bearing without lubricant.
    The arrangement described can be used with any type of harvester, e.g. Combine harvesters, balers and forage harvesters. In the latter case, the crop conveying and / or processing device can be a pre-press roller and / or a chopper drum and / or a grain processor roller and / or a post-accelerator. However, any other bearings, e.g. of shafts and gears.
    Embodiments
    An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained on the basis of the figures. Show it:
    Fig. 1: a schematic side view of a forage harvester, and
    2 shows a schematic plan view of a bearing of a grain processor of the forage harvester with an associated sensor.
    BE2019 / 0029
    1 shows a harvesting machine 10 in the manner of a self-propelled forage harvester in a schematic side view. The harvesting machine 10 is built on a supporting frame 12 which is carried by front driven wheels 14 and steerable rear wheels 16. The harvesting machine 10 is operated from a driver's cab 18, from which a harvesting attachment 20 in the form of a mowing attachment for the maize harvest, which is detachably fastened to a feed housing 36, can be seen. By means of the header 20 cut crop, z. B. corn or the like, is fed to the front of the harvesting machine 10 via a feed conveyor 36 arranged in the feed housing 36 with pre-pressing rollers 30, 32 of a chopping drum 22 which it chops into small pieces in cooperation with a shear bar 46 and a grain processor with interacting rollers 28, 28 ', from which it reaches a conveyor device 24. The rollers 28, 28 'can be produced as cylindrical rollers which are toothed in the circumferential direction or can be designed to be wave-shaped in the axial direction. The material leaves the harvesting machine 10 to a transport vehicle traveling alongside via an ejection elbow 26 which can be rotated about an approximately vertical axis and whose inclination is adjustable. The knives of the chopper drum 22 can be ground by a grinding device 42. In the following, directions, such as laterally, below and above, relate to the forward movement direction V of the harvesting machine 10, which runs to the left in FIG. 1.
    In the self-propelled harvesting machine 10 shown in FIG. 1, rotating functional components such as the pre-compression rollers 30, 32, the chopper drum 22, the rollers 28, 28 ″ of the grain processor and the conveyor device 24 are exposed to very high loads. These high loads result from the high speeds and torques of the rotating functional units, which are necessary for picking up, processing and further transporting the crop. The bearings of these rotating components are, in addition to the high speeds and forces mentioned, aggravating the rough ones
    BE2019 / 0029
    Environmental conditions exposed to a self-propelled harvester. These include a wide range of temperatures, heavy pollution from outside, water ingress, plant juices, vibrations, manufacturing and assembly tolerances.
    The harvesting machine 10 comprises a storage container (tank) 54 for pasty or liquid lubricant, such as grease or oil, a feed pump 58 which removes the lubricant therefrom, which pumps the lubricant through one or more lines 66 to the individual bearings 56 of the pre-pressing rollers 30, 32 and / or the chopper drum 22 and / or the rollers 28, 28 'of the grain processor and / or the conveyor device 24, one of which is shown in FIG. A petrochemical or synthetic or semi-synthetic or mineral or vegetable agent, in particular fat or oil, can be used as the lubricant.
    FIG. 2 shows a bearing 56 which rotatably supports a shaft 58 or axis of the rollers 28, 28 'of the grain processor directly or indirectly on the supporting frame 12 of the forage harvester 10. The bearing 56 comprises, in a manner known per se, an inner bearing ring 60 which is connected to the shaft 58, an outer bearing ring 62 which is connected to the supporting frame 12 and rolling elements 76 arranged therebetween, which are arranged in two axially spaced rows between the bearing rings 60, 62 are arranged and distributed around the circumference of the shaft 58. A labyrinth seal 74 seals the bearing 56 from the crop flow, as is known per se from EP 1 695 612 A1.
    A lubricant line 66 feeds the lubricant from the feed pump 58, which is fed to the rolling elements 76 from above through a feed channel penetrating the outer bearing ring 62, e.g. radially from the outside into a region between axially adjacent rolling elements 76, as shown in FIG. 2. If the lubricant is thin, it could be sucked off in the lower area of the bearing 56 and returned to the reservoir 54, as described in DE 10 2017 215 466 A1
    BE2019 / 0029. In this case, the pump 58 would run continuously in harvest mode. In the case of viscous or pasty lubricant (grease), however, the pump 58 would be activated in a time-controlled or sensor-controlled manner.
    At the other end of the rollers 28, 28 ', which is not shown in FIG. 2, a further bearing 56 is arranged, which is generally mirror-symmetrical to the bearing shown in FIG. The bearing 56 shown in FIG. 2 could alternatively or additionally be assigned to the pre-pressing rollers 30, 32 and / or the chopping drum 22 and / or the conveyor device 24, and the storage could also be designed differently with different types of bearings and different types of bearing arrangements. The bearing could also be arranged in a gearbox or elsewhere in the drive train of the pre-compression rollers 30, 32 and / or the chopper drum 22 and / or the rollers 28, 28 'of the grain processor and / or the conveyor device 24 and support any shaft in the drive train .
    A sensor 86 is assigned to the bearing 56 and serves to detect the contents of the lubricant in the bearing 56. The sensor 86 looks through a window 84 made of sapphire glass to the interior 82 of the bearing 56 containing the lubricant. In contrast to the illustration, the sensor 86 does not necessarily have to be arranged on the underside of the bearing 56, but could be at any one in the circumferential direction of the bearing 56 be positioned elsewhere. The sensor 86 could also be arranged directly on the raceway of one of the rolling elements 76, in particular at a point where the rolling element 76 does not rest under load. It can also be more than one sensor. As an alternative or in addition, a sensor 86 could also be fitted outside the bearing 56 at another location on the lubricant line 66 and / or in the reservoir 54 and / or in the feed pump 58.
    The sensor 86 is set up to detect the contents of the lubricant by near infrared spectroscopy and one
    BE2019 / 0029 suitable embodiment of the sensor 86 is described and shown in the FAG brochure mentioned at the beginning, the content of which is incorporated by reference into the present documents. The sensor 86 is equipped with an internal processor which, on the basis of the spectra recorded by the sensor 86 and calibrations stored in a memory, emits signals to a processing device 68. The signals from the sensor 86 relate in particular to the type of ingredients in the lubricant and their proportion or their concentration in the lubricant. The processing unit 68 is connected to a database 88 which contains undesired ingredients and / or different acceptable concentrations of these ingredients. In the event that the signals of the sensor 86 indicate an undesired ingredient stored in the database 88, such as water, Si or S1O2 and / or undesirable concentrations of the ingredient, the proportion of which in the lubricant is above a certain threshold value, the processing unit inputs Warning signal to an operator interface 64.
    As an alternative to the position shown in FIG. 2 or in addition thereto, a sensor 86 could interact with the line 66. This sensor 86 could detect ingredients in a lubricant newly filled into the reservoir 54, which chemically react with ingredients in the lubricant previously introduced into the bearing 56 and decompose the lubricant, and also by the processing unit 68 for generating a warning signal via the operator interface 64 are used if the ingredients of the lubricant used initially are stored in the database 88. However, this procedure is also possible with the sensor 86 shown in FIG. 2.
    The signals of the sensor 86 can also be used by the processing unit 68 to activate the pump 58 if the signals indicate that the lubricant has to be replaced. It should be noted that this sensor 86 also in different positions on other bearing concepts
    BE2019 / 0029 the storage and / or in the grease reservoir 54 and / or at any point and / or at any number of points in the area of the lubrication line 66 and / or lubrication line system.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. Harvester (10) with a supporting frame (12) and a crop conveying and / or processing device which is supported by a lubricant-bearing (56) on the supporting frame (12) and / or by a shaft and / or gear Can be driven by a bearing (56) which can be loaded with lubricant, characterized by an electronic sensor (86) which is set up to detect ingredients and / or ingredient concentrations of the lubricant contained in the bearing (56) and / or supplied to and / or supplied to the bearing (56) ), the output signal of which can be fed to a processing device (68), which is additionally connected and operable with a database (88) for undesired ingredients of the lubricant and / or their concentrations, to provide a warning signal if the output signal of the sensor (86) is compared with the database (88) indicates that an undesirable ingredient and / or one or me Their undesired concentration (s) is or are contained, the sensor (86) being set up to detect the contents of the lubricant by near infrared spectroscopy.
    [2]
    2. Harvester (10) according to claim 1, wherein in the database (88) as undesirable ingredient water and / or silicon and / or silicon dioxide and / or potassium and / or sodium and / or titanium and / or cadmium and / or calcium and / or magnesium and / or boron and / or zinc and / or phosphorus and / or barium and / or molybdenum and / or lithium and / or iron and / or chromium and / or tin and / or aluminum and / or nickel and / or Copper and / or lead and / or manganese and / or a maximum defined number of free particles (for example ppm) and / or ingredients of unsuitable lubricants is or are entered.
    [3]
    3. Harvester (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the processing device (68) is operable, information regarding identified by the sensor (86), in one in the warehouse
    BE2019 / 0029 (56) used ingredients contained in the database (88) and in the event that the signal from the sensor (86) for other ingredients in a newly introduced into the bearing (56) and / or to critical concentrations of the lubricant Ingredients indicates to compare the sensed, changed ingredients and the stored ingredients based on data stored in the database (88) whether an undesired chemical reaction of the changed ingredients with the stored ingredients or a defective condition, for example on seals or bearings, is to be expected and if necessary, to issue a warning signal.
    [4]
    4. Harvesting machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the processing device (68) is connected to a user interface (64) set up for displaying a warning signal and / or is wirelessly connected to a spaced-apart location.
    [5]
    5. Harvesting machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sensor for detecting the ingredients and possibly their concentration in the bearing (56) and / or a lubricant line (66) and / or a storage container (54) and / or a feed pump (58) is arranged and is suitable for examining the lubricant contained in the lubricant line (66) and / or the reservoir (54) and / or the feed pump (58) or supplied there.
    [6]
    6. Harvester (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5 in the form of a forage harvester, wherein the crop conveying and / or processing device comprises a pre-pressing roller (30, 32) and / or a chopper drum (22) and / or a grain processor roller (28, 28 ') and / or a post-accelerator (24).
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BE1026307B1|2020-04-24|Monitoring the contents of a harvesting machine warehouse
    DE102004029953A1|2006-01-12|Header drive
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    EP2952087B1|2017-11-01|Drive system for a self-propelled harvesting machine
    EP3114919B1|2020-10-28|Harvesting header assembly
    EP3542610A1|2019-09-25|Forage harvester
    EP2995190A1|2016-03-16|Method for operating a combine harvester
    DE102005008448B4|2017-03-16|Storage of a Gutförder- and / or Gutbearbeitungselements for a harvester
    EP2952085A1|2015-12-09|Combine harvester
    EP2952088A1|2015-12-09|Drive system for a self-propelled harvesting machine
    BE1026050B1|2019-10-01|Arrangement for lubricating a bearing of a crop conveying and / or processing arrangement of a harvesting machine
    DE102012101807A1|2013-09-05|Self-propelled harvester
    EP2145532A1|2010-01-20|Agricultural work machine, in particular chaff cutter
    EP1245847A1|2002-10-02|Bearing of a crop transport and/or treatment device for a harvester
    DE102012207591B3|2013-10-10|Arrangement for cutting length control for field chopper, has control device that is operable to receive output signal based on desired cutting length, sensor signal and stored correlation, where cutting length is set at given sensor signal
    EP2713701B1|2016-08-31|Method and system
    BE1020100A4|2013-05-07|ARRANGEMENT FOR SELF-DETECTING THE CONFIGURATION OF A DRIVE TRAIN AND / OR THE NUMBER OF ACTIVE MOVING ELEMENTS OF A WORKING MACHINE WORKER.
    EP2756747B1|2018-07-25|Attachment device for harvesting maize
    DE873168C|1953-04-13|Maehhaecksler
    DE102018217418A1|2020-04-16|Drive arrangement for the variable-speed drive of a conditioning device of a forage harvester equipped with two conditioning rollers
    BE1026188B1|2020-03-09|Forage harvester with cutting length-dependent speed of the conditioning device
    EP3178310B1|2018-09-12|Pickup device of an agricultural work device
    DE102019122050A1|2021-02-18|Cardan shaft joint, cardan shaft and method for lubricating bearings in a cardan shaft joint
    CN108349382B|2021-02-23|Vehicle drive device and combine
    DE102015113479A1|2017-02-16|Maize bit of a forage harvester
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1026307A1|2019-12-17|
    DE102018208791A1|2019-12-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6546785B1|1998-04-02|2003-04-15|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.|System and method for dynamic lubrication adjustment for a lubrication analysis system|
    EP1695612A1|2005-02-24|2006-08-30|Deere & Company|Bearing of a crop transport and/or treatment device for a harvester|
    US20180156691A1|2016-12-05|2018-06-07|Aktiebolaget Skf|Bearing assembly including oil quality sensor|
    US20190069485A1|2017-09-04|2019-03-07|Deere & Company|System for lubricating a bearing of a crop transport and/or processing system of a harvesting machine|
    US6966994B2|2001-04-17|2005-11-22|Caterpillar Inc|Contamination control for engines|
    DE10225716A1|2002-06-11|2004-01-08|Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh|Determining oil change time point for internal combustion engine involves measuring permittivity of engine oil to determine degree of use, verifying result by measuring its optical transmissivity|
    GB2526784A|2014-05-26|2015-12-09|Skf Ab|Micro electro optical mechanical system|DE102020115944A1|2020-06-17|2021-12-23|Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh|Forage harvester|
    法律状态:
    2020-06-24| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200424 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102018208791.1A|DE102018208791A1|2018-06-05|2018-06-05|Monitoring the ingredients of a warehouse of a harvester|
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